Keynes and Liquidity 
Central banks and pundits alike keep repeating the mantra that banks should increase their holdings of liquid assets. That no doubt suits governments which have an awful lot of debt to flog over the next few years.

But what is liquidity? The ability to sell for cash at any time? For there to be real liquidity, there has to be a real buyer at the end of the chain, not just pass-the-parcel traders.

Keynes was characteristically cutting about this in the General Theory, now over 70 years old:
"Of the maxims of orthodox finance none, surely, is more anti-social than the fetish of liquidity, the doctrine that it is a positive virtue on the part of investment institutions to concentrate their resources upon the holding of “liquid” securities. It forgets that there is no such thing as liquidity of investment for the community as a whole."

Don't we have central banks as lenders of the last resort? The Bank of England lent £61.6bn to RBS and HBOS at the height of the crisis. This could not have been avoided by forcing these banks to put more gilts in their balance sheets. Mind you, central bank intervention doesn't help to bale out governments issuing vast quantities of debt. Printing money and buying gilts, plus forcing banks to buy more than they would otherwise buy, does.

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